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CRP research related articles, presentations, studies

Institution/Organization/Business
Reference to primary CRP related organization (e.g. CAI website)
Web resource/Digital Article
General website that contains CRP related information, may be non-specific or general or mixed resources on a website. Article published on-line. Not available as paper version.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is the lead Federal agency charged with improving the safety and quality of America’s health care system. AHRQ develops the knowledge, tools, and data needed to improve the health care system and help Americans, health care professionals, and policymakers make informed health decisions.


Web resource/Digital Article
General website that contains CRP related information, may be non-specific or general or mixed resources on a website. Article published on-line. Not available as paper version.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ): Advances in Patient Safety

Advances in Patient Safety: From Research to Implementation describes what federally funded programs have accomplished in understanding medical errors and implementing programs to improve patient safety over the last five years. This compendium is sponsored jointly by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Department of Defense (DoD)-Health Affairs. The 140 articles in the 4-volume set cover a wide range of research paradigms, clinical settings, and patient populations. Where the research is complete, the findings are presented; where the research is still in process, the articles report on its progress. In addition to articles with a research and methodological focus, the compendium includes articles that address implementation issues or present useful tools and products that can be used to improve patient safety.


Journal Article
Published articles related to CRP
Apology laws and malpractice liability: what have we learned?

39 states have apology laws, with over a third applying to healthcare or other contexts. After over a decade of experience with apology laws, the authors explore whether apology laws reduce malpractice liability risk and why, and whether there is a reason to have them.


Medical errors are associated with significant emotional, financial, physical and sociobehavioural impacts including reduced trust and willingness to seek healthcare. These impacts can last for years. The study sought to understand whether greater open communication is associated with reduced emotional impacts and decreased avoidance of doctors/facilities involved in the error.


Learning Community
Resources associated with CAI Learning Community
Presentation/Webinar
Recorded webinars and presentations
CAI Webinar: Diagnostic Error and CRP

Webinar Date: September 17, 2020

Dr. Gordon Schiff talks about diagnostic error and how efforts to reduce diagnostic error align with the principles of communication and resolution programs.

Presenter: Dr. Gordon Schiff (Brigham and Women’s Center for Patient Safety Research and Practice, Harvard Medical School)

Objectives: 

  1. Describe the frequency/epidemiology of diagnostic errors based on published studies and surveys.
  2. Define diagnosis errors, and using a Venn diagram model differentiate diagnostic process errors, misdiagnosis, and adverse outcomes.
  3. List 3 approaches to minimizing and preventing diagnostic errors.
  4. Explain ways that missed/under diagnosis and overdiagnosis are related rather than just opposites
  5. Describe overlapping and synergistic domains between the diagnostic error/improvement movement andCommunication and Resolution Program (CRP) efforts.

The Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management published study of an “open” hospital system shows that a Collaboration Communication-and-Resolution Program (CRP) cut lawsuits by two-thirds and reduced legal expenses and the time needed to resolve claims. Due to this program’s success, physicians are encouraged to integrate CRPs into their health practices to increase overall patient health quality and safety.

 


This study analyzed if a communication-and-resolution program (CRP) was effective in lowering adverse events among patients with chest pain, as well as lowering medical costs. The study concluded that the implementation of the CRP was efficient, since it helped increase the number of chest pain diagnoses as well as significantly reduced associated health costs.


Loren et al. conducted a qualitative thematic analysis following in-depth interviews with parents who believed they had experienced an adverse birth-related neonatal outcome and focus groups with healthcare providers who have communicated with parents about adverse newborn birth events. The analysis revealed six key themes characterizing the unique aspects of the birth experience and associated communication challenges:

  1. High expectations for positive outcome
  2. Powerful emotions
  3. Rapid change and progression
  4. Family involvement
  5. Multiple patients and providers
  6. Litigious environment

Book/Report
Reference to book or report
Organizational Policy
Organizational, institutional policy
Crisis Standards of Care

 

Crisis Standards of Care (CSC) was developed in 2009 by the Institute of Medicine in response to consecutive catastrophic disasters happening around the world. The report provides a framework for a systems approach to the development and implementation of CSC plan that should apply in disaster or crisis situations. It was designed to help state and local public health officials and health-sector agencies and institutions operationalize CSC.

Institute of Medicine; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Committee on Guidance for Establishing Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations; Dan Hanfling, Bruce M. Altevogt, Kristin Viswanathan, and Lawrence O. Gostin, Editors

 


Communication-and-resolution programs (CRPs) are implemented in hospitals to increase patient safety and effective communication between healthcare providers following patient injury. CRPs act as a guide for hospitals to disclose information to patients after medical injury, ways to efficiently investigate the incident, and how to take accountability for the event and offer compensation when appropriate. In this study, the authors analyzed the effectiveness of CRPs in reducing patient harm four Massachusetts health systems. The authors found that CRP implementation were correlated with decreased litigation fees, but they did not alter any other pertinent outcomes, such as reducing patient harm and increasing transparent communication.

 


Many organizations have struggled to implement CRP models smoothly. The study looks at factors that accounts for the success of two Massachusetts hospital system in implementing a CRP with high conformity to protocol without raising liability costs. Identified factors include: support of top institutional leaders, heavy investments in educating physicians about the programme, active cultivation of the relationship between hospital risk managers.

 


Abstract

Background Communication-and-resolution programmes (CRP) aim to increase transparency surrounding adverse events, improve patient safety and promote reconciliation by proactively meeting injured patients’ needs. Although early adopters of CRP models reported relatively smooth implementation, other organisations have struggled to achieve the same. However, two Massachusetts hospital systems implementing a CRP demonstrated high fidelity to protocol without raising liability costs.

Study question What factors may account for the Massachusetts hospitals’ ability to implement their CRP successfully?

Setting The CRP was collaboratively designed by two academic medical centres, four of their community hospitals and a multistakeholder coalition.

Data and methods Data were synthesised from (1) key informant interviews around the time of implementation and 2 years later with individuals important to the CRP’s success and (2) notes from 89 teleconferences between hospitals’ CRP implementation teams and study staff to discuss implementation progress. Interview transcripts and teleconference notes were analysed using standard methods of thematic content analysis. A total of 45 individuals participated in interviews (n=24 persons in 38 interviews), teleconferences (n=32) or both (n=11).

Results Participants identified facilitators of the hospitals’ success as: (1) the support of top institutional leaders, (2) heavy investments in educating physicians about the programme, (3) active cultivation of the relationship between hospital risk managers and representatives from the liability insurer, (4) the use of formal decision protocols, (5) effective oversight by full-time project managers, (6) collaborative group implementation, and (7) small institutional size.

Conclusion Although not necessarily causal, several distinctive factors appear to be associated with successful CRP implementation.


Institution/Organization/Business
Reference to primary CRP related organization (e.g. CAI website)
Web resource/Digital Article
General website that contains CRP related information, may be non-specific or general or mixed resources on a website. Article published on-line. Not available as paper version.
Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) and the National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF)

The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) and the National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF) started collaborating together to utilize its combined resources and knowledge to further  patient safety efforts and create safety systems in various healthcare settings.


Journal Article
Published articles related to CRP
Legislation/Regulation/Other legislative
Laws relating to CRP
Malpractice Liability and Health Care Quality – A Review

Publish Date: January 28, 2020

A systematic review of 37 studies of malpractice deterrence  published between January 1, 1990, and November 25, 2019 was conducted to examine the association between malpractice liability risk and health care quality and safety. This review found that most studies suggest that higher risk of malpractice liability is not significantly associated with improved health care quality. The findings also suggested that greater tort liability was not associated with the improvement of quality of care.

 

 


Journal Article
Published articles related to CRP
Legislation/Regulation/Other legislative
Laws relating to CRP
Malpractice Liability and Quality of Care: Clear Answer, Remaining Questions

Publish Date: January 28, 2020

This issue presents a thorough and rigorous analysis of recent research and draws findings from 37 studies.  It conclude that increased liability exposure, such as numbers of malpractice claims or changes to state malpractice laws, was not associated with improvement in the quality of patient care.


Communication-and-resolution programs (CRPs) help healthcare providers and insurers effectively communication with patients when  medically adverse event occurs, as well as offer the necessary steps to take to give compensation. Researchers examined the effectiveness of CRP implementation in two Massachusetts hospitals. They concluded that, when the hospitals followed the CRP protocols, there were no drastic increases in liability fees associated with adverse health outcomes. Thus, CRPs helped these hospitals proactively handle adverse incidents and any related litigation fees.


Case Study
Journal Article
Published articles related to CRP
Patients’ Experiences With Communication-and-Resolution Programs After Medical Injury

Communication-and-resolution programs (CRPs) were developed so healthcare organizations and liability insurers could effectively communicate with patients about adverse incidents, use methods to increase patient safety, and offer compensation when appropriate. However, this study found that healthcare organizations did a poor job on communicating with patients and families on how to prevent adverse events. Overall, this study emphasized how patients and families wanted hospitals to be more efficient in not only disclosing adverse incidents, but also being more efficient in preventing them.

 


This report from the Betsy Lehman Center details two sets of research findings and proposes a coordinated response through which Massachusetts’s providers, policymakers, and public can accelerate safety and quality improvement and lead the nation on this urgent health care challenge.


The purpose of this study was to determine whether a communication and optimal resolution (CANDOR) program was effective in reducing the number of health liability processes and associated adverse outcomes. Researchers found that this program helped significantly increase the number of incident reports received, as well as decreased the litigation, settlement, and self-insurance fees associated with medical malpractices and adverse events.

 


Patient and family emotional harm after medical errors may be profound. At an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) conference to establish a research agenda on this topic, the authors used visual images as a gateway to personal reflections among diverse stakeholders. Themes identified included chaos and turmoil, profound isolation, organizational denial, moral injury and betrayal, negative effects on families and communities, importance of relational skills, and healing effects of human connection. The exercise invited storytelling, enabled psychological safety, and fostered further collaborative discussion. The authors discuss implications for quality/safety, educational innovation, and qualitative research.


Web resource/Digital Article
General website that contains CRP related information, may be non-specific or general or mixed resources on a website. Article published on-line. Not available as paper version.
Video-Based Communication Assessment of Physician Error Disclosure Skills by Crowdsourced Laypeople and Patient Advocates Who Experienced Medical Harm: Reliability Assessment With Generalizability Theory

This research article explores the use of a video-based communication assessment app to evaluate physician error disclosure skills. The study uses the generalizability theory to assess the reliability of crowdsourced laypeople and patient advocates in rating these skills, utilizing the Video-Based Communication Assessment app, which has not yet been evaluated for its effectiveness in medical harm scenarios. The researchers conducted a comparative analysis of crowdsourced laypeople and patient advocates as raters of physician error disclosure communication skills. The results of this study demonstrate that crowdsourced laypeople have the potential to provide reliable assessments of physician error disclosure skills. However, further research is necessary to explore the app’s effectiveness in different assessment scenarios.


Although open communication with patients is the established best practice after a medical error, healthcare providers’ conversations with each other in these circumstances are less studied. The authors identified and compared what providers identified as the most important thing to say to their peer and to the patient after a medical error. The found that providers approach conversations about medical errors with a peer differently than with patients and may benefit from additional communication training or support.